1) BARBITURATES :
a) Long acting -
PHENOBARBITONE
b) Short acting -
BUTOBARBITONE
PENTOBARBITONE
c) Ultra short acting -
METHOHEXITONE
THIOPENTONE
MOA -They increase the duration of chloride channel opening.Barbiturate site on GABA is either alpha or beta subuniy .They have GABA mimetic action and inhibit calcium dependent release of neurotransmitters.Basically they help in facilitation of GABA mediated chloride channel opening.
2) BENZODIAZAPINES :
a)Hypnotics - [mneumonic-DN-FAT2]
DIAZEPAM
NITRAZEPAM
FLURAZEPAM
ALPRAZOLAM
TEMAZEPAM
TRIAZEPAM
b)Antianxiety - [mneumonic- COLD]
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE
OXYZEPAM
LORAZEPAM
DIAZEPAM
c) Anticonvulsant - [DLC2]
DIAZEPAM
LORAZEPAM
CLOBAZAM
CLONAZEPAM
MOA - They increase the frequency of chloride channel opening. They work for GABA receptors in the brain.They open the post synaptic receptor GABA a receptor.This leads to increased conductance of chloride ions which produces membrane hyperpolarization and this inhibits neuronal inhibition or decreases the firing rate of neurons.
3) NEWER NONBENZODIAZAPINE HYPNOTICS :
ZOPICLONE
ZOLPIDEM
ZALEPLON
MOA - They are benzodiazepine receptor agonists.
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