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Writer's pictureShruti Vedala

Classification of Sedatives - Hypnotics - Anxiolytics :


1) BARBITURATES :

a) Long acting -

PHENOBARBITONE

b) Short acting -

BUTOBARBITONE

PENTOBARBITONE

c) Ultra short acting -

METHOHEXITONE

THIOPENTONE

MOA -They increase the duration of chloride channel opening.Barbiturate site on GABA is either alpha or beta subuniy .They have GABA mimetic action and inhibit calcium dependent release of neurotransmitters.Basically they help in facilitation of GABA mediated chloride channel opening.

2) BENZODIAZAPINES :

a)Hypnotics - [mneumonic-DN-FAT2]

DIAZEPAM

NITRAZEPAM

FLURAZEPAM

ALPRAZOLAM

TEMAZEPAM

TRIAZEPAM

b)Antianxiety - [mneumonic- COLD]

CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE

OXYZEPAM

LORAZEPAM

DIAZEPAM

c) Anticonvulsant - [DLC2]

DIAZEPAM

LORAZEPAM

CLOBAZAM

CLONAZEPAM

MOA - They increase the frequency of chloride channel opening. They work for GABA receptors in the brain.They open the post synaptic receptor GABA a receptor.This leads to increased conductance of chloride ions which produces membrane hyperpolarization and this inhibits neuronal inhibition or decreases the firing rate of neurons.

3) NEWER NONBENZODIAZAPINE HYPNOTICS :

ZOPICLONE

ZOLPIDEM

ZALEPLON

MOA - They are benzodiazepine receptor agonists.



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